What can cause permanent distortion of the nail?

Injury to the nail bed or matrix can lead to permanent distortion of the nail because these areas are essential for the proper growth and formation of the nail. The nail matrix, located under the base of the nail where it meets the finger, is responsible for producing new nail cells. If this area is damaged, it can affect the nail's shape, thickness, and overall appearance as it grows out. This damage can result from trauma such as a crush injury or persistent pressure on the finger, and once the matrix is compromised, the nail that grows from it can be permanently altered.

In contrast, while loss of the nail due to infection can lead to transient changes, the nail may eventually grow back to its normal state if the matrix remains intact and is allowed to heal. Peeling of the nail typically indicates a temporary condition that may improve with better nail care or treatment, rather than a permanent distortion. Lastly, exposure to cleaning chemicals can weaken or damage the nail temporarily but usually does not result in permanent changes unless there is significant and prolonged damage.