Which nail condition is often caused by a fungal infection and may lead to nail loss?

Onychomycosis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to a fungal infection that affects the nails. This condition is characterized by changes in the nail's appearance, which can include discoloration, thickening, and a brittle texture. As the infection progresses, it may lead to severe complications, including the possibility of nail loss if not treated effectively.

The nature of onychomycosis as a fungal infection makes it distinct from other conditions listed. Psoriasis, for instance, is an autoimmune condition that can affect the skin and nails but is not caused by a fungus. Hangnails are simply small pieces of skin that tear near the nail and do not involve fungal infection or lead to nail loss. Leukonychia, which refers to white spots on the nails, is usually caused by minor trauma to the nail matrix and does not originate from a fungal infection. Understanding these distinctions is essential for recognizing and addressing nail-related health issues correctly.